2024 Veronique Van Speybroeck

Veronique VAN SPEYBROECK
Exact Sciences – Applied Physics 

Gewoon Hoogleraar, Vakgroep Toegepaste Fysica,
Centrum voor Moleculaire Modellering, Universiteit Gent

 

Career – Research – Jury report

 

Her Career

 

Veronique was born in 1974 in Ghent as the youngest daughter in a family of three children. After studying science and mathematics in secondary school, she started her studies in Civil Engineering at Ghent University. Given her fascination with highly theoretical subjects, she chose for Engineering physics. When she first came into contact with the field of quantum mechanics, she becomes very fascinated by this abstract theory. She follows the course “Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding” and becomes very much intrigued by the fact that the abstract theory of quantum mechanics allows to describe the behavior of molecules. In her Master’s thesis she investigates how Density Functional Theory can be applied to molecular systems. She conducts this research at the Institute for Nuclear Sciences under the supervision of Prof. Michel Waroquier, who until then worked in the field of many-body techniques applied to nuclear systems. The application of these techniques to molecular systems was unexplored territory at Ghent University.

Immediately after graduating as an Engineer in Physics in 1997, she decided to perform a research internship at DSM Research in Geleen in the Netherlands on the Car Parrinello Molecular Dynamics method and its application to industrially relevant reactions. She was fortunate to work with Dr. Robert  Meier and Dr. Franco Budo who had simulated a catalytic reaction for the first time with quantum mechanics based molecular dynamics techniques. This research internship in the Netherlands was crucial at the beginning of her scientific career, as she saw for the first time how molecular modeling could be applied to industrially important systems. In October 1997, she started her PhD research at Ghent University under the supervision of Prof. Michel Waroquier. She was given complete freedom to develop her own research lines. Driven by her passion to model molecular systems with important technological applications, she actively sought collaborations with experimental chemically oriented groups.  She remarkably succeeded in collaborating with researchers not belonging to her own discipline and thanks to her physics-oriented background she could make a difference in the world of chemistry and its applications.

In 2001 she obtained her PhD and obtains a postdoctoral fellowship of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO).  She broadens the field of applications to nanoporous materials and zeolite catalysis. She succeeds in inspiring several talented young researchers to explore with her this new research direction of molecular modeling. Together with Prof. Michel Waroquier, she founded the Center for Molecular Modeling, which today has grown into an interfaculty research center with about 40 researchers. In 2007 she became a research professor at Ghent University and since 2012 she is full professor at the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture and head of the Center for Molecular Modeling.

During her career she has built an impressive network with leading national and international experimental groups. She has systematically pushed the boundaries of simulation techniques to describe industrially important materials and catalysts as realistically as possible. Milestones in her research were achieved thanks to the acquisition of prestigious research grants. In 2010 she received an ERC Starting Grant and in 2015 an ERC Consolidator Grant. She has worked on numerous industrially important materials and processes, such as the conversion of methanol to olefins, the development of nanomaterials for smart sensors and storage.

Her work has been awarded with several prizes, such as laureate of the Royal Flemish Academy for Sciences and the Arts of Belgium (2011), the MCEC lectureship award from the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (2018) and the Dr. Karl Wamsler Innovation Award presented by the Technical University of Munich and Clariant Specialty Chemicals in recognition of her excellence in the field of catalysis (2023).

Since the start of her independent research career, she has mentored numerous PhD students and postdoctoral researchers, who have on their own built successful careers in academia and industry. Veronique strongly believes in collaborations across the boundaries of different scientific disciplines and is convinced that such an open vision is the key towards achieving scientific excellence.

Veronique Van Speybroeck has been a member of the Royal Flemish Academy for Sciences and the Arts of Belgium since 2013. She has an extensive track record in the field of scientific services for evaluating research, is a member of various editorial boards and international networks.

Veronique Van Speybroeck is married to Piet de Paepe and together they have two sons Marcus and Alexander.

 

Her research

 

Veronique Van Speybroeck’s research is situated within the field of molecular modeling and its application to industrially important systems. Within this research discipline, one starts from the atomic scale with the ambition to unravel macroscopic phenomena. By having detailed knowledge on the phenomena taking place at the nanoscale, it becomes possible to design nanomaterials for catalysis, separation, gas storage with atomic precision.

Veronique Van Speybroeck’s field of expertise lies at the intersection of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering sciences. Phenomena on the nanoscale – a nanometer being one millionth of a millimeter – must be described using basic quantum mechanical principles. This very fundamental theory caused a true revolution at the beginning of the twentieth century and would represent a fundamental breakthrough for the understanding of materials. However, its application to molecules and materials took a long time due to the enormous complexity of the problem. Paul Dirac put it as follows in 1929:

“The fundamental laws necessary for larger parts in physics and the whole of chemistry are thus fully known, and the difficulty lies only in the fact that the application of these laws leads to equations that are too complex to be solved.”

Veronique started her research in the field of molecular modeling at the end of the 1990s.  In 1998, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Walter Kohn and John People for their development within DFT and computational methods in quantum chemistry.  Together with the increasingly powerful computers, this preluded a new era in which realistic molecules and materials could be modeled and visualized with great precision.

The early research work of Veronique Van Speybroeck was situated in the field of polymer chemistry and thermal cracking, where she developed new models to describe the entropy of flexible molecules. She actively sought collaborations with experimental chemically oriented groups. This work led to new software programs which are now implemented in open source software codes and are widely used by computational chemistry researchers worldwide.

After obtaining her PhD, she expanded her research interests to nanoporous materials and heterogeneous catalysis. Driven by her interest in industrially important processes, she delved into the chemistry underlying the conversion of methanol to olefins via zeolites. Unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as ethene and propene are one of the most important building blocks for many materials and products we daily use. Traditionally, these building blocks are produced from crude oil, but for a few decades researchers worldwide are actively exploring paths to produce these basic chemicals from new feedstocks originating from waste, biomass or even CO₂.  Around 2004, when Veronique started in this area, there was a lot of discussion on how two methanol molecules couple to form a new carbon-carbon bond. The chemistry responsible for the methanol-to-olefin process belonged to one of the greatest mysteries of heterogeneous catalysis. Together with several talented researchers from the Center for Molecular Modeling, Veronique managed to unravel the complex chemistry of this heterogeneously catalyzed process. To this day, she is considered one of the pioneers in the molecular understanding of the methanol-to-olefin process. She has made a remarkable footprint in this field of catalysis.

What makes her work unique is that she systematically pushed the limits of simulation tools to model as close as possible realistic catalysts and reactions taking place in complex environments at operating conditions.  By conducting the research in close synergy with experimentalists, she gained a very good understanding of the complexity of an industrial catalytic process. She realized that the function of a catalyst as it performs under industrial conditions is highly influenced by operation conditions such as temperature, humidity, pressure. To map all these complex factors, she introduced advanced molecular dynamics techniques within the field of nanoporous materials for catalysis, adsorption and diffusion. Crucial new insights were obtained on the effect of water on the catalytic process, or the influence of certain atomic scale modifications to the catalyst.

Recently she is intensively exploring new methods to model materials with defects on different length scales.  Despite the revolution induced by Density Functional Theory in the field of computational chemistry, this theory faces its limits today to model even bigger systems and more realistic representation of the material.  Even with the most powerful computers, these quantum mechanical methods only allow to model systems having about 1,000 atoms, which corresponds to a few nanometers. These dimensions are fundamentally too small to describe realistic catalyst particles. Furthermore, a material evolves strongly over time when being exposed to several catalytic cycles. Drastically new technique are needed to bridge the length-time scale gap between theory and experiment. Inspiration can be found within the domain of artificial intelligence and machine learning models that are now gaining popularity in various fields. In her recent work, Veronique develops machine learning potentials that can calculate the interactions between the particles in the system much faster. The quantum mechanical knowledge of the system remains essential as the neural networks are trained on data originating from very accurate quantum mechanical calculations.

Veronique is convinced that the integration of these recent techniques in the field of molecular modeling will further lead to a paradigm shift for modeling nanomaterials used in industrial applications. The first proof-of-concept results were recently published in leading journals. With her recent research, she once again demonstrates that groundbreaking scientific results can be achieved at the interface of different disciplines, namely physics, chemistry and artificial intelligence.

The application domain in which she has worked is very diverse.  Apart from the research performed in catalysis, she also applied her method to develop materials for separations, gas storage and sensors.

 

 

Jury report (April 23, 2024)

 

Prof. Veronique Van Speybroeck from the Center for Molecular Modeling of the University of Ghent is the recipient of the 2024 Francqui prize in Exact Sciences for her pioneering work on computational modeling of catalytic processes in nanoporous materials.

Prof. Van Speybroeck has established herself as a worldwide leader in modeling nanoporous materials for catalysis under realistic operating conditions. Catalysis is the basis for most chemical transformations in industry and is key to solving the challenges of developing a sustainable green chemical and energy industry. Nanoporous materials are characterized by allowing molecules to enter into the material through nanometer size holes. They are common catalysts, and providing an understanding of the chemical processes that take place inside these materials through quantum chemical simulations is key to designing new, more efficient catalysts.

Prof. Van Speybroeck started in the field of Molecular Modeling in the late nineties. She has systematically pushed the limits of simulation techniques to model as closely as possible realistic materials and processes at operating conditions. Her new methods were developed to calculate accurate chemical kinetics for reactions taking place in nanoporous materials by including the dynamics of the catalyst and the molecular fragments in the simulations. She pioneered the simulation of complex catalytic conversions at operating conditions, using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations capturing the full complexity of the free energy surface.  She became strongly convinced that simulations had to account for true operating conditions such as realistic temperatures, pressures, feeds. Currently, she is exploring methods to simulate materials with the inclusion of spatial heterogeneities, as the behavior of realistic materials may be strongly affected by crystal size, morphology and the presence of defects. To this end she is currently developing Machine Learning Potentials that are able to capture the quantum behavior of materials at a much lower computational cost. An important aspect of her work is a close coupling between theory and experiment.

Apart from her own research, Prof. Van Speybroeck has inspired many young researchers to work in the field of molecular modeling and has been an outstanding ambassador for science in society. She co-founded the Center for Molecular Modeling, which has now grown to a multidisciplinary research Center including about 40 scientists with molecular modeling interests. The research is performed with a multidisciplinary group of scientists, having backgrounds in physics, chemistry, (bio-)engineering and materials science. Prof. Van Speybroeck believes in collaborations among researchers across disciplines and strongly stimulates such an open vision as key to achieving scientific excellence.

 

Members of the international jury 

 

Professor Ben L. Feringa
Jacobus van ’t Hoff Distinguished Professor of Molecular Sciences,
Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
Head of Unit Synthetic Organic Chemistry, University of Groningen
Fellow of the Royal Society
International Member of the (US) National Academy of Sciences
Nobel Prize Chemistry 2016
Groningen, The Netherlands

  – Chairman of the jury 

 

Professor Roger Blandford
Luke Blossom Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University
Fellow of the Royal Society Member of the US National Academy of Sciences
Stanford, USA

Professor Geert-Jan Boons
UGA Foundation Distinguished Professor in Biochemical Sciences, The University of Georgia
Georgia, USA
Professor, Chemical Biology and Drug Development, Utrecht University
Utrecht, The Netherlands

Professor Paul Bourgade
Professor of Mathematics, NYU Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
New York, USA

Professor Marileen Dogterom
Professor of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology
Delft, The Netherlands
President of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Professor Heino Falcke
Professor of Astrophysics, Radboud Universiteit
Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Professor Thomas Henning
Director and Scientific Member, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy
Heidelberg, Germany

Professor Koen Kuijken
Professor of Galactic Astronomy, Leiden Observatory
Leiden, The Netherlands

Professor Enno Mammen
Professor of Mathematical Statistics, Institute for Mathematics, Heidelberg University
Heidelberg, Germany

Professor Onur Mutlu
Professor of Computer Science, ETH Zurich
Zürich, Switzerland
Visiting Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University
Stanford, USA
Adjunct Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University
Pittsburgh, USA
Adjunct Professor of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University
Ankara, Turkey

Professor Jens Nørskov
Villum Kann Rasmussen Professor, Technical University of Denmark
International Member of the (US) National Academy of Engineering
Lyngby, Denmark

Professor Elisabeth Oswald
Professor and Head of Division of Cybersecurity, University of Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt, Austria
Professor of Applied Cryptography, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham
Birmingham, UK

Professor John Peacock
Professor of Cosmology, Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh
Fellow of the Royal Society
Edinburgh, UK

Professor Marten Scheffer
Distinguished Professor, Wageningen University
Co-founder of the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies
International Member of the (US) National Academy of Sciences
Wageningen, The Netherlands

Professor Peter Zoller
Professor Emeritus of Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck
Scientific Director Emeritus, Institute for Quantum Optics and
Quantum Information (IQOQI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
International Member of the (US) National Academy of Sciences
Innsbruck, Austria

 

 – Members of the jury

 

Herman Van Rompuy’s address

(October 8, 2024, Palace of the Academies, Brussel)

Wij zijn hier zoals elk jaar bijeen om hulde te brengen aan een wetenschapper en aan de wetenschap tout court. We hebben het voorrecht dit telkens te kunnen doen in aanwezigheid van Zijne Majesteit de Koning. Dat is een krachtig signaal in een tijd waarin vorm het vaak haalt op inhoud, entertainment op diepgang, heden op toekomst, consumptie op investeringen.

Le Prix Francqui et le Prix Francqui-Collen placent la barre plus haut. La Fondation du même nom fêtera son centenaire dans quelques années. Nous faisons donc partie d’un grand ensemble, nous sommes les maillons d’une longue chaîne. La Fondation se réjouit de son rôle d’encouragement à la recherche scientifique, à la coopération entre nos universités au-delà des frontières linguistiques, chaque fois dans un souci d’excellence dans les résultats. Nous ne devons pas nous satisfaire trop vite et encore moins nous contenter de ce que nous avons obtenu.

Onze laureaat van vandaag Professor Veronique Van Speybroeck rust niet op haar lauweren. Ze is nog vol plannen voor de toekomst. Professor Ben Feringa, Nobelprijswinnaar voor Scheikunde 2016 en dit jaar andermaal voorzitter van de internationale jury (waarvoor trouwens onze grote dank) zei onlangs « Het fundamentele werk van Veronique van Speybroeck is een game-changer en zet de deur open naar de toekomstige technologieën voor een duurzame industrie. »

Dat streven naar excellentie kenmerkte ook Professor Pierre Van Moerbeke die 18 jaar lang de onvolprezen CEO was van de Francqui Stichting. Hij nam afscheid dit jaar. Hoewel hij niet wil dat zijn naam hier vermeld wordt doe ik dat toch. Dank u Pierre. Hij was winnaar van de Francqui prijs 1988. Zijn opvolgster Professor Marie-Claire Foblets was dat ook in 2004. Ik ben geneigd Michelle Obama te citeren: “When they go low; we go high”.

Onze laureate heeft reeds een indrukwekkend parcours afgelegd. Ze is haar alma mater, de universiteit Gent trouw gebleven. Het fundamenteel onderzoek van prof. Van Speybroeck en haar veertigkoppig team van het Centrum voor Moleculaire Modellering, behoort tot de wereldtop. Ik sprak daarnet over excellentie.

Notre lauréate est elle-même Ingenieur Civil en physique appliquée; elle recherche activement des collaborations avec des groupes d’autres disciplines des sciences exactes. Mais sa recherche fondamentale étend ses ailes au monde dans lequel nous vivons.

Veronique Van Speybroeck spitste haar onderzoek toe op katalysatoren, de stoffen die een chemisch proces mogelijk maken of versnellen. Katalysatoren zijn trouwens niet weg te denken uit de industrie. Waspoeders, medicijnen, meststoffen, de synthetische vezel in uw T-shirt, het plastic in de pen waarmee u schrijft, de brandstof die u tankt of – als u een elektrische wagen hebt – de batterij onder de motorkap, ze zouden er zonder katalysatoren niet zijn.

Véronique Van Speybroeck utilise des modèles informatiques sophistiqués pour cartographier le fonctionnement de ces catalyseurs au niveau des atomes. Ce fonctionnement est loin d’être bien compris, car les composants chimiques ne peuvent être décrits à ce niveau qu’à l’aide de la mécanique quantique, et non de la physique classique. La complexité est telle que les superordinateurs les plus puissants et les algorithmes les plus sophistiqués sont nécessaires pour construire les modèles informatiques.

De komende jaren mikt de Gentse hoogleraar op belangrijke doorbraken. Met de huidige technieken slaagt ze erin simulaties te doen met zo’n duizend atomen, maar om echte labo-experimenten volledig na te bootsen met de computer, moet dat met ‘misschien wel een miljoen atomen’ mogelijk worden. Dat zou toelaten veel sneller en gerichter naar innovaties te zoeken. ‘Dat is de droom’, zegt onze prijswinnares. ‘Daarvoor werken we nu met machine-learning. Ik ga alles op alles zetten om daar met mijn team in te slagen. Een mens moet ambitieus zijn’, zei ze onlangs.

Sa recherche se veut également pertinente, au service d’une cause. La lauréate ne se concentre pas uniquement sur la recherche fondamentale. « Nous n’utilisons pas nos connaissances pour faire n’importe quoi, mais pour mettre au point des technologies durables », explique-t-elle. Par exemple, les scientifiques cherchent depuis longtemps des substituts aux matières premières fossiles et ont trouvé un moyen de transformer le méthanol en un élément constitutif du plastique et d’autres composants chimiques.

Vandaag willen ze ook naar manieren zoeken om een broeikasgas als CO2 te kunnen opvangen en omzetten in herbruikbare chemicaliën. Ik citeer haar opnieuw: “Wij zitten aan de heel fundamentele kant met modellen die het gedrag van chemische stoffen op nanoschaal, het allerkleinste, in beeld brengen. Maar er zijn collega’s die luidop nadenken over hoe zo’n raffinaderij van de toekomst eruit kan zien. Er is nog veel werk, maar we geloven dat grote stappen vooruit gezet kunnen worden als iedereen de nodige inspanningen levert.

Het boeiende bij het werk van onze laureate is dat zij dus niet alleen uit is op loutere kennis maar kennis die in dienst staat van mens en natuur, in dienst van duurzaamheid. Die ethische dimensie is bijzonder belangrijk voor haar en voor ons allen. Vandaag meer dan ooit omdat klimaat minder populair is dan enkele jaren geleden ten tijde van de klimaatmarsen van jongeren. We zijn inzake klimaatbeleid op een punt gekomen waarop we gedragingen en gewoontes moeten veranderen, waar er een prijs en een kost is voor verbruikers, bedrijven en overheden. Kortom het klimaat verandert en wij moeten ook veranderen om die eerste veranderingen m.n. deze van het klimaat, ongedaan te maken. Daarvoor moet er ingegaan worden tegen grote en kleine belangen en ongemakken. Het is een tijd voor politieke moed op Europees, nationaal en regionaal vlak, die makkelijker te vinden is als er bijna vijf jaar lang geen verkiezingen zullen zijn.

De wetenschap kan de taak van beleidsverantwoordelijken makkelijker maken door verder wetenschappelijk onderzoek en door innovatie. Hoe beter de technologie, hoe minder inspanningen van burgers en bedrijven gevraagd moet worden. Maar ik herhaal het: wij moeten de koers van de Green Deal aanhouden zowel de richting als de snelheid met hier en daar natuurlijk amendementen en bijsturingen. Later zal men ons beoordelen over het eindresultaat niet over het proces daartoe.

Nous devons continuer à soutenir nos universités et la recherche en général. D’ailleurs, notre pays obtient de bons résultats en matière d’innovation. Avec une belle 9e place, la Belgique est l’un des pays les plus innovants d’Europe, selon le baromètre 2022 de l’Office européen des brevets (OEB). Les demandes de brevets belges auprès de l’OEB ont augmenté de 5 % en 2022 par rapport à l’année précédente. Il s’agit d’un nouveau record. La Belgique devance ainsi largement la croissance moyenne des 39 États membres de l’OEB (+0,1 %) et se classe donc au 9e rang. Je sais que certains ont du mal à dire quoi que ce soit de positif sur ce qui se passe dans le pays. Souvent, chaque rapport favorable doit être suivi d’un « mais » pour minimiser l’aspect positif. Je ne le ferai pas ici. Je sais qu’il y a encore du chemin à parcourir lorsque l’on compare l’UE aux États-Unis et à la Chine. Il n’est pas facile de mesurer le rythme du développement technologique. Mais si l’on examine quelques indicateurs, il semble que les États-Unis aient une longueur d’avance. Soyons clairs: Les Européens ne sont pas à la traîne. Mais lorsqu’il s’agit de la proportion d’articles scientifiques et technologiques publiés dans les meilleures revues scientifiques, les États-Unis nous devancent.

Er is ook een achterstand inzake produktiviteit. Amerikaanse werknemers produceren constant meer per gewerkt uur dan Europeanen. Een tijd lang was die kloof aan het dichten, maar hij is weer groter geworden. De Amerikaanse productiviteit kan deels worden verklaard door de snelle invoering en ontwikkeling van digitale technologie, een gebied waar Europa achter is gebleven. Het omzetten van wetenschappelijke inventie in economische en ecologische innovatie blijft een uitdaging voor ons.

Wij moeten ambitieus blijven maar met een doel voor ogen: een meer duurzame en een meer harmonische wereld. Ik zeg dat in een tijd waarin de prioriteiten in de wereld aan het verschuiven zijn en waar waarden die we vanzelfsprekend waanden op zijn kop worden gezet. Umwertung aller Werte. De omkering van alle waarden. Waarheid vs leugen. Goed vs kwaad. Democratie vs dictatuur. We weten niet goed wat waar is maar weten nu sinds enkele jaren beter wat liegen is. Over wat goed is kan men twisten maar het kwade is in Oost-Europa en in het Midden-Oosten met het blote oog te zien. “Niemand beweert dat democratie perfect of alwetend is” zei Winston Churchill. Hij vervolgde:”Inderdaad, er wordt gezegd dat democratie de slechtste regeringsvorm is, met uitzondering van al die andere die van tijd tot tijd zijn uitgeprobeerd”. Zijn woorden worden vaak geciteerd maar ze zijn meer waar dan ooit.

Wij weten in deze drie dilemma’s telkens aan welke kant wij staan.

Aujourd’hui, nous célébrons la fête du savoir, la fête de la science engagée, de la lutte sans fin pour rendre le monde meilleur, pas à pas. C’est aussi simple que cela.

Merci, Professeur Van Speybrouck. Dank u.